macOS Sierra下REDUCE的安装

REDUCE是一个CAS系统，看功能还是比较强大，想着在macOS (Sierra)下替换Maxima 来使用，于是就下载了Reduce-snapshot_5847.dmg。按其中README文件说明， 试着用./redcsl来运行，该命令会运行具有图形界面的REDUCE(需事先安装XQuartz)， 却提示错误

dyld: Symbol not found: __ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4findEcm
  Referenced from: /Volumes/Reduce-snapshot/csl/reduce.app/Contents/MacOS/reduce
  Expected in: /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib
 in /Volumes/Reduce-snapshot/csl/reduce.app/Contents/MacOS/reduce
Abort trap: 6

使用otool -L reduce.app/Contents/MacOS/reduce来查看REDUCE可执行文件中使用的共享库的名称为：

reduce.app/Contents/MacOS/reduce:
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Carbon (compatibility version 2.0.0, current version 157.0.0)
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 775.20.0)
	/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 48.0.0)
	/opt/local/lib/libgcc/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.29.0)
	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1238.60.2)
	/opt/local/lib/libgcc/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 1350.10.0)

系统中不存在/opt/local/lib/libgcc文件夹，而/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib使用nm查看 nm libstdc++.6.dylib | grep '__ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4findEcm' 发现没有该Symbol。

先前系统brew install gcc安装了GCC 6.3.0，它里面的libstdc++.6.dylib中是包含该Symbol的。 所以这里有两种解决方法，一是把brew安装的GCC的库作链接：

sudo mkdir -p /opt/local/lib
cd /opt/local/lib
sudo ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6 libgcc

或者是用install_name_tool将可执行文件中库的路径替换掉：

cd csl/reduce.app/Contents/MacOS
install_name_tool -change /opt/local/lib/libgcc/libstdc++.6.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6/libstdc++.6.dylib ./reduce
install_name_tool -change /opt/local/lib/libgcc/libgcc_s.1.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/6.3.0_1/lib/gcc/6/libgcc_s.1.dylib ./reduce

两种方法均可，然后再运行./redcsl发现还是有问题，这次是fontconfig的问题了：

./redcsl 
Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'FX::FXFontException'
Abort trap: 6

这个处理起来就比较容易了，参照这里，在.bashrc中添加

export FONTCONFIG_PATH=/opt/X11/lib/X11/fontconfig

即可。

Qing Fan 22 September 2021
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